Awesome! Many thanks. That was enough to get me started. The script linked to from the youtube video helped me construct a workable regular expression. (Writing my own script would be preferable but a lot harder for me.) Anyway, at least I can now avoid renaming every file manually and instead just run 24 operations (2 per month).
For example, for September single-digit days, the regular expression (using Bulk Rename Utility) would be September\s(\d{1})\w{1,2},\s(\d{4}), and the replacement string would be \2-09-0\1. For double-digit days, the regular expression would be September\s(\d{2})\w{1,2},\s(\d{4}), and the replacement string would be \2-09-\1.
Eventually, it would be great to put together a script (perhaps using Python’s dateutil parser, as in the linked script), or perhaps a corresponding feature will be added to Obsidian, but this semi-automated Regex approach works for me for now. (Perhaps there’s also a way to create a single search and replace combo that works for both single- and double-digit dates…)