I was able to figure out a workaround! A link can point at a heading ![[note#head]] or at a block through a pointer that Obsidian generates ![[note#^index]]. In this case, it does not show the title.
If you just write ![[note#]] it displays the whole note without the title.
I suppose it tries to link a part of the note and displays it in its entirety when it fails to find a specific part. It works with anything after the # symbol that the app fails to find inside the note.
I don’t know if that is intended behavior and if it will be changed later, but I think it’s a good use-case and should be left as-is.