For a simple solution, you could try using Obsidian URL links instead of Markdown links. That would give you a clickable link to the document without causing a graph link.
[Link text](obsidian://open?vault=YourVault&file=Name%20Of%20Note)
You can generate this link from a document, with the command, Copy Obsidian URL
.
For a heavier solution, perhaps the Juggl plugin might help you. I know it supports custom link types. (I’ve never tried it.)