CSS snippets are completely ignored, not applied despite the correct placement, enabling and disabling all plugins in the settings

You’re headed in the right direction, but body isn’t specific enough here. There are many layers under / within that need to be considered.

Give this a try (a basic example):

.theme-light {
	.workspace-leaf,
	.markdown-source-view.mod-cm6,
	.markdown-preview-view {
    	background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.1);
	}
}


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