I think you would be interested in the breadcrumbs plugin.
I have similar needs where I have to distinguish between which are the supporting arguments and the refuting arguments. I do this by creating a heirarchy with the labels supports, supported by, refutes etc. in the breadcrumbs plugin.
You might find this thread that I created interesting where I explain how I use the breadcrumds plugin for this purpose - Breadcrumbs plugin: does anyone have a workflow where they visualise chains of notes related by heirarchy in juggl graph
There is also a mega thread that asks for having link types in general - Add support for link types - you may find good ideas here as well.