I don’t have rclone based solution for u, but just to cover the bases (in case u hvnt found this) there’s an example on setting up rclone on ios (not android i know, but it could be useful ref). Link here https://gist.github.com/agmm/ea97a3c2b5bf713567aad89672116e12
Also, there’s a 3rd party sync plugin (https://github.com/fyears/remotely-save) that mention it will have google drive support in future. Might want to drop a message showing your interest.
Alas, i think if phone storage isn’t an issue as much, the best way to sync Windows and android phone right now is using 3rd party android app like FolderSync or AutoSync.
You could always subscribe to Obsidian official sync and u can select any folder to sync to in Windows. Obsidian Sync
Fwiw, i use rclone on my linux pc to mount Obsidian vault (saved to OneDrive) but it has some performance (speed) issue. I now use OneDriver to mount. On Windows i use MS own OneDrive app. On my android i use FolderSync - which u could make it sync on the fly or periodically or on demand.