As I understand it, Obsidian isn’t engineered for collaboration.
But the files are just files. They could sit on a company server, with access controlled. But anyone using Obsidian to access them would need a local copy, while they are doing it.
A number of people have been, and presumably are, interested in controlled access using Publish. That may come.
Some users have created alternatives to Publish, accessible via Github. Maybe they could be tweaked to suit better.
But, afaics, there’s nothing that will do this out of the box and other approaches would require a direct approach to maintenance.