It appears that having the options block is causing the issue. If you remove that then the chart will appear. However it will be truncated on the right side if there’s not enough room to display the full chart. I’m also not seeing the labels for the chart which makes it not useful.
Joplin has the same issue with displaying the chart if the options block is present. If that block is removed, you will see the chart and the labels. Again, this chart will be truncated on the right hand side.
I did see that that gitGraph is marked as experimental, so that might have something to do with this.
I did notice that pasting your code in the Mermaid Live site, the options block does not seem to be respected either. As a matter of fact, the options block is removed if you share a link to the chart (as I did above). Seems that this might not be ready for prime time.
Not that this helps you out much, but I don’t think it’s necessarily and issue with Obsidian, but looks like it might be more with the Mermaid library. The developers might be able to fix the issue with the labels not showing up, but everything else would need to be fixed upstream it appears.