This would be a really valuable feature for people writing complex mathematics proofs in Obsidian, as it allows the links to related results to be right next to their usage.
I am aware that this is likely a very difficult thing to implement, given that Obsidian is currently using MathJax, however I believe that moving away from MathJax would have benefits with respect to other feature requests, such as this one. Namely, using MathJax is a bottleneck in being able to have equations be aware of context beyond themselves, and vice versa.
OK, after some investigation I found a promising direction.
By default, the protocols that we are allowed to use in \href are the following.
file:
http:
https:
(You can check it by MathJax.config.options.safeOptions.safeProtocols)
So we can’t use obsidian: or javascript: to open a note in the vault. However, we can change this setting afterward. For example, running the following in the dev console (or as a Templater/QuickAdd startup script) will enable us to use Obsidian URI inside \href.
For example: $\href{obsidian://open?vault=my%20vault&file=my%20note}{link}$
This way we can insert a link to another note inside an equation. Also it will be possible to create a plugin that renders [[internal link|display text]] as if it were \href{obsidian://...}{display text}.
There are some important concerns regarding using [[internal links]] or \href with Obsidian URIs:
It will make our notes more Obsidian-dependent and less future-proof.
They will not appear in the graph view or backlink view (this is the biggest drawback for me). So it would be best if it could be implemented as a core feature of Obsidian (not as a plugin)