Is it possible to use css styles on bullet lists in edit mode?

You said you use only the editing view, but I don’t know whether you meant Source mode, Live Preview, or both, so the below includes the reading view too so that rendered things in Live Preview (like callouts) will also look right.

The last section returns the styles back to normal for more deeply nested lists. You can remove it if you want deeper levels (in this case, level 4 and deeper) to have the same appearance as the last level you styled (level 3).

Not trying to harp on it, but reiterating ariehen’s info about chatbots and Obsidian selectors. For this kind of thing, learning to find selectors is more likely to save you time and help you find your solutions versus spending that time with generative AI.

Anyway, this works in the default theme:

ul > li,
.HyperMD-list-line-1 > .cm-formatting-list-ul + .cm-list-1 {
	color: orange;
	font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
	font-size: 1em;
}

ul ul > li,
.HyperMD-list-line-2 > .cm-formatting-list-ul + .cm-list-2 {
	color: green;
	font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;
	font-size: 0.95em;
}

ul ul ul > li,
.HyperMD-list-line-3 > .cm-formatting-list-ul + .cm-list-3 {
	color: pink;
	font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
	font-size: 0.9em;
	
}

ul ul ul ul > li {
	color: var(--text-normal);
	font-family: var(--font-text);
	font-size: var(--font-text-size);
}