You can probably use Templater as mentioned above, but it’s not necessary…you can use Periodic Notes alone to do what you’re asking. Look at the settings for Periodic Notes; there are settings for what the titles of daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly notes will be. There is also a place to specify a note as the “template” for all new daily notes. In the “template note,” put a link to the weekly note that matches the format you have in the Periodic Notes settings for the title of your weekly note.
For example, in my daily template note, I have a link like this:
[[{{date:gggg [week ]w}}]]
because gggg [week ]w is the format of my weekly note title. It comes out like 2021 week 42 for example.
You can read more about the formatting of the titles and links at the github page for Periodic Notes.
PS I just disable daily notes in the Calendar plugin and run everything through Periodic Notes.