Version: Version 1.4.16 (Installer 1.4.16) on MacOS
When you create a link to a canvas from a note, the link has a form:
[[Filename.canvas|Filename]]
If you rename this canvas, all the instances of the link in the vault are changed, but in a following fashion:
[[NewFilename.canvas|Filename]]
i.e. the file name in the links is changed, but the label of the links stays the same, which means you need to go and manually change all the labels in all the links.
Hope this helps!