Aligning a Callout Block to an Indented List item above it and also render the bullet point of the indented list item

I don’t know the reason that a top-level list item can hold a callout (and align the callout to the list content) while a nested list item seems like it won’t.

However, if your concern is just the appearance/location of the callout with dot lists (not sub-numbered lists), then a CSS snippet might be the way to go.

Here’s an example. When you want to align a callout with an indented list, put |indent1 in the callout metadata:

> [!note | indent1]

to get this result:

using this snippet:

:is(.markdown-source-view, *) .callout[data-callout-metadata~="indent1"] {
	margin-inline-start: calc(var(--list-indent) + 24px);
}

:is(.markdown-source-view, *) .callout[data-callout-metadata~="indent2"] {
	margin-inline-start: calc(2 * var(--list-indent) + 24px);
}

It includes a level 2 version too, |indent2, so you can see how to extend it to mroe levels if you want.

(how to use CSS snippets)