This isn’t available in Markdown, but you could use HTML tables:
<table>
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Last</th>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:red">
<td>First</td>
<td>Second</td>
<td>Third</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:blue">
<td>First</td>
<td>Second</td>
<td>Third</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:green">
<td>Another</td>
<td>Thing</td>
<td>Here</td>
</tr>
</table>

Of course, it won’t render in ALL markdown editors, but it works here.