In order to have Obsidian update your links, you have to rename the file within Obsidian. It shouldn’t be too hard to remove, for example, 10 characters from all links that start with something like “2022-07-08” across your entire vault using a regex search and replace in an external editor like VSCode. The same goes for using something like the PowerRename utility within Windows PowerToys to do a regex search and replace upon the note names.
There is a plugin to do regex search and replace within Obsidian note content but not on the actual note names. Here is a link for a feature request for such capabilities: Find and replace for note names
Thanks.