What’s the odd part? It looks like it inserted and resolved correctly in your test, you just have the note in source mode.
Just make sure that you don’t confuse the core “Templates” plugin and its commands with the community “Templater” plugin and its commands. Doesn’t seem like you did in this case, but it’s a common pitfall.
If you want Templater to execute the code when you create your daily notes, make sure to enable “Trigger Templater on new file creation”.