I think I’ve pinned down the source of confusion.
Like @ryanjamurphy pointed out, you don’t have the backlinks pane open, so there are no backlinks visible.
What you refer to as a backlink ([[note 1]]) is simply a link (or a wikilink). You can click it (in preview mode) or cmd+click it (in edit mode) to jump to the linked note.
Backlinks show on the backlinks panel, and they point to any note that links to the active one. So, in your case, you might try the following:
- open the backlinks panel: cmd+p → Show backlinks pane
- open
note 2
- in edit mode, cmd+click on the
[[note 1]] link
- check the backlinks panel. “Note 2” should show up there.