Good mockup !
I would say that, from an implementational perspective (since I am a developer), this can be developed independent of Obsidian’s plugin mechanism or features. The latest version supports HTML elements, and from your mock up it seems like the time dimensions of the markdown files are the only thing needed.
I imagine a simple program that reads files’ date of creations, last edited, and update these information into a HTML template which is just another markdown file in the vault, can do the job.