I think this should be possible, some apps like Zotero already do this to open the item itself and/or the PDF at the right page e.g. zotero://select/items/(item_id).
See
The relevant part is this one
Zotero Select
Zotero allows you to directly link to an item in your local database. If you paste a valid URI starting with zotero://select into your URL bar in Firefox, it will open Zotero to that item. To create such a zotero://select link from an item, download the file “Zotero Select Item.js” from here and then follow steps 1-3 above. A link will look like zotero://select/items/0_USN95MJC and work only with your library
The link above has two translators if you want to generate those links manually. Depending on what OS you’re using you might need to set up the URL after installing Zotero (that was the case for me in Linux).
If you use Zotfile, whenever you extract highlights/annotations from the PDF, the note has links to the specific pages in the PDF. I wrote a little plugin to export those to markdown and save them to my Obsidian vault: https://github.com/argenos/zotero-mdnotes