How to get into PKM without much spare time?

This is what I suggest as a starting point: Simple approach to organizing notes.

If your notes are for school, tho, I usually suggest a folder for each class and a note for each source (lecture, book, article, etc.). The school provides structure, so you may as well use it. (If there’s info from your classes that you want to save generally, you can copy it out into other notes later.)