You could try using Easy Bake to merge the transcluded sections into a new note. Then, upload / copy that note to Google docs.
Btw, “cross-referencing” is called embedding or transclusion in Obsidian, and what you call the “hex reference” is called a block ID or block identifier.
As for embedding not working on Publish, that’s likely because the source note you are embedding from is not published as well.