Same problem here on Arch Linux after updating from mesa 23.3.1 to mesa 23.3.2.
Deleting ~/.config/obsidian/GPUCache fixed it.
SYSTEM INFO:
Obsidian version: v1.5.3
Installer version: v1.5.3
Operating system: #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Thu, 21 Dec 2023 19:01:01 +0000 6.6.8-arch1-1
Login status: not logged in
Insider build toggle: off
Live preview: on
Base theme: adapt to system
Community theme: none
Snippets enabled: 0
Restricted mode: off
Plugins installed: 1
Plugins enabled: 1
1: Dataview v0.5.64