Dynamically create a backlink to a file?

I would think it should be easy to generate the text you want using Text Expander.

See the documentation, especially the legacy date format section:
https://textexpander.com/help/desktop/datetime.html

If hhii refers to hour and minute, I would remove that from your filename. Then, you should be able to generate yesterday and tomorrow’s date easily using Text Expander’s date/time math. Specify the date using your filename syntax, surround each in [[]], and you should be good to go.