I have had the same issue several hundred times, but I think the problem is down to iCloud rather than Obsidian. It has always occurred after I have done search-and-replace runs across my vault using VS Code. I think iCloud can’t keep up with the speed of the changes.
Things have improved with the recent-ish iCloud change allowing users to mark files and folders as ‘Keep Downloaded’, but I have had about thirty such broken files in the last week.
I make hourly and then daily backups of my vault and restore broken files from those backups—with the oldest being about a year old.
I wonder if this happens with Obsidian’s own sync service.
I think your installer is out of date. It can be updated using a full download: