Can I stop having to re-download iCloud vault files?

You might be able to stop this optimization. I don’t know how to do this on iPad. Only on Mac:

On Mac, if you go to System Preferences → Apple ID → iCloud, you will see a checkbox for “Optimize Mac Storage”. Unchecking this might prevent iCloud from deleting your files. But it will stop it from optimizing any other folders that you did want optimized.

You might find a similar setting on the iPad.