You can save some steps by using the Shortcut Launcher plugin. Make a launcher that sends the “Selected Link/Embed Contents” (find that text in the plugin’s README for explanation of how to proceed). Then add the shortcut to the mobile toolbar, and steps 2–6 become
2. Tap the image link.
3. Tap the shortcut on the mobile toolbar.
If your images are all in the same folder, you can save time by adding it as a Favorite in Files. If they’re are all over your vault, you’re probably stuck navigating your whole iPad folder structure. But you could save a tap or two by marking your vault folder as a Favorite in Files.
I agree that Obsidian should make all of this unnecessary and that “Show file in system explorer” should exist on mobile.