I’m back from the future to provide my younger self with the answer. Alfred has a slightly different date format, or it’s less forgiving than obsidian. You will need to edit the date value for each action in the workflow.

It is clunky with tasks because the task’s action specifies the date and links it to your daily note, and your daily note path is janky af.

If you spend some time looking at the workflow, you should make changes that make it work the way you prefer.